MIXTURES: FACTS AND NOTES

FACTS ABOUT MIXTURE

 Here are 100 important terms with definitions on the topic of mixtures:

• Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

• Homogeneous mixture: A mixture where the components are evenly distributed and the mixture has a uniform appearance throughout.

• Heterogeneous mixture: A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed and the mixture has a non-uniform appearance throughout.

• Solution: A type of homogeneous mixture where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent).

• Solute: A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.

• Solvent: A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.

• Colloid: A type of homogeneous mixture where the components are in small particles that are not visible to the naked eye.

• Suspension: A type of heterogeneous mixture where the components are visible and settle over time.

• Concentration: The amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent.

• Dilute: A solution that has a low concentration of solute.

• Concentrated: A solution that has a high concentration of solute.

• Dissolve: The process of a solute becoming evenly distributed in a solvent to form a solution.

• Insoluble: A substance that does not dissolve in a particular solvent.

• Filtration: The process of separating a mixture using a filter that allows the solvent and small particles to pass through, but not larger particles.

• Distillation: The process of separating a mixture using differences in boiling points to vaporize and condense the components.

• Evaporation: The process of separating a mixture by allowing the solvent to evaporate and leave behind the solute.

• Precipitate: The solid that forms when two solutions are mixed together.

• Chemical reaction: A process that occurs when substances interact to form new substances with different properties.

• Reactant: A substance that is present at the beginning of a chemical reaction.

• Product: A substance that is produced during a chemical reaction.

• Endothermic reaction: A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings.

• Exothermic reaction: A chemical reaction that releases energy into its surroundings.

• Combustion: A chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light.

• Oxidation: A chemical reaction where a substance loses electrons to oxygen.

• Reduction: A chemical reaction where a substance gains electrons from another substance.

• Chemical formula: A notation that represents the type and number of atoms in a molecule.

• Compound: A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically combined.

• Element: A substance made up of only one type of atom.

• Atom: The basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting around it.

• Molecule: A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds.

• Bond: A force that holds atoms together in a molecule.

• Covalent bond: A type of bond where atoms share electrons.

• Ionic bond: A type of bond where electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

• Physical change: A change that affects the physical appearance or properties of a substance, but not its chemical composition.

• Chemical change: A change that results in the formation of a new substance with different properties.

• Phase change: A change that involves a substance changing from one phase (solid, liquid, or gas) to another.

• Boiling point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

• Freezing point: The temperature at which a substance solidifies or changes from a liquid to a solid.

• Melting point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

• Condensation: The process of a gas changing to a liquid.

• Vaporization: The process of a liquid changing to a gas.

• Sublimation: The process of a solid changing directly to a gas without going through a liquid phase.

• Law of conservation of mass: The principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

• Physical property: A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's identity.

• Chemical property: A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to undergo a chemical change.

• Density: The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance.

• Viscosity: The resistance of a fluid to flow.

• Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a particular solvent.

• Conductivity: The ability of a substance to conduct electricity.

• Flammability: The ability of a substance to burn.

• Corrosion: The gradual destruction of a material by chemical reaction with its environment.

• Reactivity: The tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reactions.

• pH: A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.

• Acid: A substance that donates hydrogen ions in solution.

• Base: A substance that accepts hydrogen ions in solution.

• Neutralization: The reaction between an acid and a base that results in the formation of water and a salt.

• Salt: A compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base.

• Indicator: A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base.

• Litmus paper: A type of indicator paper that turns red in the presence of an acid and blue in the presence of a base.

• pH paper: A type of indicator paper that changes color based on the acidity or basicity of a solution.

• Titration: A process used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a known solution of a known concentration.

• Acid rain: Rain with a pH lower than 5.6 that is caused by air pollution.

• Electrolyte: A substance that conducts electricity in solution.

• Non-electrolyte: A substance that does not conduct electricity in solution.

• Alloy: A mixture of two or more metals.

• Homogenization: The process of making a mixture homogeneous by mixing it thoroughly.

• Desalination: The process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable.

• Osmosis: The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

• Reverse osmosis: A process used to purify water by forcing it through a semipermeable membrane.

• Filtrate: The liquid that passes through a filter during filtration.

• Residue: The solid that remains after filtration.

• Chromatography: A technique used to separate the components of a mixture based on their properties.

• Retention time: The time it takes for a compound to pass through a chromatography column.

• Adsorption: The process of a substance sticking to the surface of another substance.

• Desorption: The process of a substance detaching from the surface of another substance.

• Ion exchange: A process used to remove impurities from water by exchanging ions in solution.

• Sieving: The process of separating particles of different sizes using a sieve.

• Sedimentation: The process of particles settling to the bottom of a container over time

• Decantation: The process of separating a liquid from a solid by pouring the liquid off the top.

• Centrifugation: The process of separating particles of different densities using centrifugal force.

• Emulsion: A type of mixture in which one liquid is dispersed throughout another liquid in small droplets.

• Suspension: A type of mixture in which particles are suspended in a liquid but settle over time.

• Colloid: A type of mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout a liquid but do not settle over time.

• Tyndall effect: The scattering of light by particles in a colloid or suspension, making the beam visible.

• Alloying: The process of mixing two or more metals to create a new material with improved properties.

• Dilution: The process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.

• Solvent: The substance in which solutes dissolve to form a solution.

• Solute: The substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.

• Concentration: The amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.

• Saturation: The point at which a solution cannot dissolve any more solute.

• Solvency: The ability of a solvent to dissolve a particular solute.

• Immiscible: Describes liquids that do not mix together.

• Miscible: Describes liquids that can mix together to form a homogeneous solution.

• Surfactant: A substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid and helps it mix with other substances.

• Adsorbent: A substance that attracts and holds other substances onto its surface.

• Absorbent: A substance that takes in and holds other substances throughout its volume.

• Coagulation: The process of causing a colloid to come out of solution and form larger particles.

• Flocculation: The process of forming larger particles in a suspension or colloid by adding a flocculating agent.

• Sol: A type of colloid in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid.

• Gel: A type of colloid in which a liquid is dispersed throughout a solid to form a semisolid substance.

• Molarity: A unit of concentration that measures the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

• Molality: A unit of concentration that measures the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

• Mole fraction: A unit of concentration that measures the number of moles of one component in a mixture relative to the total number of moles.

• Supersaturation: The condition in which a solution contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature.

• Precipitate: The solid that forms in a solution during a chemical reaction.

• Filtration: The process of separating a solid from a liquid or gas by passing it through a filter.

• Retention: The ability of a filter to hold back certain particles while allowing others to pass through.

• Chromatography: A technique used to separate components of a mixture based on their different properties.

• Mobile phase: The solvent or gas that moves through the chromatography column.

• Stationary phase: The solid or liquid that does not move through the chromatography column and helps to separate the components of the mixture.

• Paper chromatography: A type of chromatography in which a paper strip is used as the stationary phase.

• Gas chromatography: A type of chromatography in which a gas is used as the mobile phase.

• Liquid chromatography: A type of chromatography in which a liquid is used as the mobile phase.

• Ion exchange chromatography: A type of chromatography in which ions are separated based on their charge.

• Size exclusion chromatography: A type of chromatography in which particles are separated based on their size.

• Affinity chromatography: A type of chromatography in which molecules are separated based on their binding properties.

• Purification: The process of separating a desired compound from impurities.

• Distillation: The process of separating two or more liquids based on their boiling points.

• Fractional distillation: A type of distillation used to separate two or more liquids with similar boiling points.

• Simple distillation: A type of distillation used to separate a liquid from a non-volatile solute.

• Evaporation: The process of separating a solid or liquid from a solution by heating it to a boil.

• Sublimation: The process of separating a solid from a mixture by converting it directly into a gas.

• Crystallization: The process of separating a solid from a solution by allowing it to form crystals.

• Fractionation: The process of separating a mixture into its individual components.

• Homogenization: The process of making a homogeneous mixture by breaking down larger particles into smaller ones.

Mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures have visibly different components.

Mixtures can be separated through physical means, while compounds require chemical reactions to be separated.

Air is a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen.

Water is a commonly used solvent in mixtures.

The solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solution.

The solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute.

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent.

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture where the components settle over time.

A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture where the components are evenly dispersed, but not dissolved.

Mixtures can be created by mixing solids, liquids, or gases.

Mixtures can be created by mixing two or more liquids, such as oil and vinegar.

Mixtures can be created by mixing a solid and a liquid, such as salt and water.

Mixtures can be created by mixing a gas and a liquid, such as carbon dioxide and water.

Mixtures can be A created by mixing two or more gases, such as air.

The properties of a mixture depend on the properties of the components and their proportions.

Mixtures can be analyzed using various techniques such as chromatography or spectroscopy.

The separation of mixtures can be achieved using techniques such as filtration, distillation, or evaporation.

Mixtures are used in many industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics.

The human body is a mixture of various compounds and elements.

Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, and water.

Rocks are mixtures of different minerals.

Seawater is a mixture of various salts and minerals.

Paint is a mixture of pigments, binders, and solvents.

Adhesives are mixtures of polymers and solvents.

Batteries are mixtures of chemicals that generate electricity.

Foods are mixtures of various nutrients and flavors.

A salad is a mixture of vegetables, fruits, and dressings.

A smoothie is a mixture of fruits, vegetables, and liquids.

A stew is a mixture of meats, vegetables, and broth.

A cake is a mixture of flour, sugar, eggs, and other ingredients.

The separation of mixtures is essential in many applications, such as water treatment, waste management, and recycling.

Mixtures can have physical or chemical properties.

Physical properties of mixtures include color, odor, density, and boiling point.

Chemical properties of mixtures include reactivity, flammability, and toxicity.

Mixtures can be classified based on their properties, such as acidic or basic.

Mixtures can be classified based on their particle size, such as colloids or suspensions.

Mixtures can be classified based on their concentration, such as dilute or concentrated.

Mixtures can be classified based on their solubility, such as soluble or insoluble.

Mixtures can be classified based on their phase, such as solid, liquid, or gas.

Mixtures can be analyzed using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction or NMR spectroscopy.

The separation of mixtures can be achieved using various techniques such as centrifugation or chromatography.

The composition of a mixture can be determined using various techniques such as titration

Mixtures can be represented using different notations, such as mass percent or molarity.

A mass percent represents the amount of a component in a mixture as a percentage of the total mass of the mixture.

Molarity represents the amount of a component in a solution as the number of moles per liter of solution.

Mixtures can be created intentionally or unintentionally.

Intentional mixtures are created for specific purposes, such as medications or fertilizers.

Unintentional mixtures can occur naturally, such as in soil or air, or through human activities, such as pollution.

Mixtures can be used in chemical reactions, such as catalysts or reactants.

Mixtures can affect the properties of materials, such as the strength of a composite material.

Mixtures can be used to create new materials, such as alloys or polymers.

Mixtures can be used in manufacturing processes, such as in the production of electronic components or textiles.

Mixtures can be used in research, such as in the study of materials or biological systems.

Mixtures can be used in analytical chemistry, such as in the detection of drugs or pollutants.

Mixtures can be hazardous, such as toxic or flammable mixtures.

The hazard of a mixture depends on the properties of the components and their concentrations.

The handling and storage of mixtures require appropriate safety measures.

The transportation of hazardous mixtures is regulated by various laws and standards.

The disposal of hazardous mixtures requires special procedures to avoid environmental damage.

The use of mixtures in cosmetics and personal care products is regulated by various laws and standards.

The use of mixtures in food and beverages is regulated by various laws and standards.

The use of mixtures in pharmaceuticals is regulated by various laws and standards.

The use of mixtures in agriculture is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can have synergistic or antagonistic effects.

Synergistic effects occur when the combined effect of the components is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

Antagonistic effects occur when the combined effect of the components is less than the sum of their individual effects.

The use of mixtures in traditional medicine is based on the synergistic or antagonistic effects of the components.

The use of mixtures in traditional medicine requires appropriate safety measures to avoid adverse effects.

Mixtures can be used in alternative medicine, such as herbal remedies or essential oils.

The efficacy and safety of mixtures used in alternative medicine are not always scientifically proven.

The use of mixtures in alternative medicine requires appropriate safety measures and consultation with a healthcare professional.

Mixtures can be used in aromatherapy to affect mood and well-being.

The use of mixtures in aromatherapy requires appropriate safety measures and consultation with a healthcare professional.

Mixtures can be used in perfumes and fragrances to create a specific scent.

The composition of a mixture in perfumes and fragrances is a trade secret.

The use of mixtures in cleaning products is regulated by various laws and standards.

The use of mixtures in cleaning products requires appropriate safety measures to avoid adverse effects.

Mixtures can be used in construction materials, such as concrete or adhesives.

The properties of mixtures used in construction materials affect the strength and durability of the final product.

The use of mixtures in construction materials is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in paints and coatings to create a specific color or texture.

The properties of mixcontinuetures used in paints and coatings affect the appearance and durability of the final product.

The use of mixtures in paints and coatings is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in fuel, such as gasoline or diesel.

The composition of mixtures used in fuel affects the performance and emissions of engines.

The use of mixtures in fuel is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in batteries, such as in the electrodes or electrolyte.

The properties of mixtures used in batteries affect the efficiency and lifespan of the battery.

The use of mixtures in batteries is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in adhesives and sealants to join or seal materials.

The properties of mixtures used in adhesives and sealants affect the strength and durability of the bond or seal.

The use of mixtures in adhesives and sealants is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in detergents and soaps to remove dirt and stains.

The properties of mixtures used in detergents and soaps affect their cleaning power and compatibility with different types of fabrics and surfaces.

The use of mixtures in detergents and soaps is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in lubricants, such as in motor oil or grease.

The properties of mixtures used in lubricants affect their ability to reduce friction and wear.

The use of mixtures in lubricants is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in fertilizers to provide nutrients to plants.

The composition of mixtures used in fertilizers affects the growth and health of plants.

The use of mixtures in fertilizers is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in pesticides to control pests and diseases.

The composition of mixtures used in pesticides affects their effectiveness and potential harm to the environment and human health.

The use of mixtures in pesticides is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in dyes and pigments to color materials.

The properties of mixtures used in dyes and pigments affect their color and stability.

The use of mixtures in dyes and pigments is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in food additives to improve flavor, texture, or appearance.

The composition of mixtures used in food additives affects their safety and potential harm to human health.

The use of mixtures in food additives is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in pharmaceuticals to treat or prevent diseases.

The composition of mixtures used in pharmaceuticals affects their effectiveness and potential harm to human health.

The use of mixtures in pharmaceuticals is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in vaccines to prevent diseases.

The composition of mixtures used in vaccines affects their effectiveness and potential harm to human health.

The use of mixtures in vaccines is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in medical devices, such as implants or prosthetics.

The properties of mixtures used in medical devices affect their compatibility with the body and effectiveness in treating or replacing damaged or diseased tissues.

The use of mixtures in medical devices is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in biotechnology to create new products or processes.

The properties of mixtures used in biotechnology affect their efficacy and potential harm to human health and the environment.

The use of mixtures in biotechnology is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in nanotechnology to create new materials or devices.

The properties of mixtures used in nanotechnology affect their performance and potential harm to human health and the environment.

The use of mixtures in nanotechnology is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in construction materials, such as concrete or asphalt.

The properties of mixtures used in construction materials affect their strength, durability, and resistance to weathering and environmental factors.

The use of mixtures in construction materials is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in cleaning products, such as detergents or disinfectants.

The properties of mixtures used in cleaning products affect their cleaning power and potential harm to human health and the environment.

The use of mixtures in cleaning products is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in personal care products, such as cosmetics or toiletries.

The properties of mixtures used in personal care products affect their effectiveness and potential harm to human health and the environment.

The use of mixtures in personal care products is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in petrochemicals, such as in refining or processing petroleum.

The composition of mixtures used in petrochemicals affects their properties and potential harm to human health and the environment.

The use of mixtures in petrochemicals is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in water treatment, such as in purifying or disinfecting water.

The properties of mixtures used in water treatment affect their effectiveness and potential harm to human health and the environment.

The use of mixtures in water treatment is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in wastewater treatment, such as in removing pollutants or treating sewage.

The properties of mixtures used in wastewater treatment affect their effectiveness and potential harm to human health and the environment.

The use of mixtures in wastewater treatment is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in mining and metallurgy, such as in extracting or processing ores or minerals.

The composition of mixtures used in mining and metallurgy affects their properties and potential harm to human health and the environment.

The use of mixtures in mining and metallurgy is regulated by various laws and standards.

Mixtures can be used in manufacturing, such as in producing or processing materials or products.

The properties of mixtures used in manufacturing affect their quality and potential harm to human health and the environment. The use of mixtures in manufacturing is regulated by various laws and standards.