Q2 - THE BODY ORGANS AND SYSTEMS IN HARMONY
THE BODY ORGANS AND SYSTEMS IN HARMONY
Pj Miana
System: Musculoskeletal
- Healthful Habits:
1. Exercise regularly, including strength training.
2. Eat foods with calcium and vitamin D.
3. Maintain good posture and ergonomics.
4. Get enough sleep for muscle recovery.
- Important Notes:
- Musculoskeletal refers to your muscles and bones.
- Calcium and vitamin D are essential for strong bones.
- Good posture helps prevent muscle strain.
System: Integumentary (Skin)
- Healthful Habits:
1. Clean and moisturize your skin daily.
2. Use sunscreen to protect from the sun’s harmful rays.
3. Stay hydrated for healthy skin.
- Important Notes:
- Integumentary means your skin, hair, and nails.
- Sunscreen shields your skin from sunburn and skin cancer.
System: Digestive
- Healthful Habits:
1. Eat a balanced diet with fiber and probiotics.
2. Chew your food thoroughly for better digestion.
3. Stay hydrated and avoid overeating.
- Important Notes:
- Digestive system processes the food you eat.
- Fiber helps with smooth digestion.
System: Circulatory (Heart and Blood Vessels)
- Healthful Habits:
1. Exercise regularly to keep your heart healthy.
2. Maintain a healthy blood pressure.
3. Limit saturated fats and sodium in your diet.
- Important Notes:
- Circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.
- Blood pressure measures the force of blood in your arteries.
System: Excretory (Kidneys)
- Healthful Habits:
1. Drink plenty of water to flush out toxins.
2. Eat a balanced diet with fiber.
3. Avoid too much alcohol and caffeine.
- Important Notes:
- Excretory system helps remove waste from the body.
- Kidneys filter your blood to remove waste.
System: Respiratory (Lungs)
- Healthful Habits:
1. Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke.
2. Practice deep breathing exercises.
3. Maintain good indoor air quality.
- Important Notes:
- Respiratory system includes the lungs and airways.
- Smoking harms your lungs and can cause lung cancer.
System: Nervous (Brain and Nerves)
- Healthful Habits:
1. Manage stress through relaxation techniques.
2. Get enough sleep for a healthy brain.
3. Stay mentally active with puzzles and games.
- Important Notes:
- The nervous system controls your thoughts, movements, and feelings.
- Sleep is crucial for a sharp and alert mind.
IMPORTANT WORDS TO REMEMBER:
Musculoskeletal:
1. Skeleton: The framework of bones that gives structure and support to the body.
2. Ligaments: Tough bands of tissue that connect bones to one another.
3. Tendons: Cords of tissue that attach muscles to bones.
4. Calcium: A mineral essential for strong bones and muscle function.
5. Vitamin D: A nutrient that helps the body absorb calcium and maintain bone health.
6. Posture: The position in which you hold your body while standing, sitting, or moving.
7. Strength training: Exercises to build and strengthen muscles.
8. Flexibility: The ability of muscles and joints to move through their full range of motion.
9. Muscles: Contractile tissues in the body responsible for movement.
10. Bone density: A measure of the amount of minerals in the bones.
11. Osteoporosis: A condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to low bone density.
12. Orthopedics: A branch of medicine specializing in musculoskeletal problems.
13. Fracture: A broken bone.
14. Cartilage: A flexible connective tissue that cushions joints.
15. Muscle recovery: The process by which muscles repair and grow stronger after exercise.
Integumentary (Skin):
1. Dermis: The inner layer of skin containing blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles.
2. Epidermis: The outermost layer of skin responsible for protection.
3. Melanin: A pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes.
4. UV rays: Ultraviolet radiation from the sun that can damage the skin.
5. Sunscreen: A product applied to the skin to protect it from UV rays.
6. Hydration: The process of maintaining adequate water in the body for healthy skin.
7. Sweat glands: Structures that release sweat to regulate body temperature.
8. Acne: A common skin condition characterized by pimples and blemishes.
9. Dermatology: The medical specialty focused on skin disorders.
10. Sunburn: Skin damage caused by overexposure to UV rays.
11. Skin cancer: A disease where cancer cells develop on the skin.
12. Moisturizer: A product used to prevent dryness and maintain skin's moisture.
13. Hair follicles: Small structures in the skin from which hair grows.
14. Nails: Hard coverings at the ends of fingers and toes.
15. Epithelial cells: Cells that make up the outermost layer of skin and serve as a barrier.
Digestive:
1. Digestion: The process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable nutrients.
2. Enzymes: Biological molecules that aid in digestion by speeding up chemical reactions.
3. Fiber: A type of carbohydrate that aids in digestion and helps prevent constipation.
4. Probiotics: Beneficial bacteria that promote a healthy balance in the gut.
5. Nutrients: Substances in food that provide nourishment for the body.
6. Esophagus: The muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.
7. Stomach: An organ that stores and digests food.
8. Small intestine: The part of the digestive system where nutrient absorption occurs.
9. Large intestine: The final section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed.
10. Pancreas: A gland that produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar.
11. Gallbladder: An organ that stores bile and helps digest fats.
12. Nutrient absorption: The process by which the body absorbs nutrients from food.
13. Metabolism: The body's process of converting food into energy and other substances.
14. Gastroenterologist: A doctor who specializes in digestive system disorders.
15. Food pyramid: A visual guide to a balanced diet, showing recommended food groups.
Circulatory (Heart and Blood Vessels):
1. Cardiovascular: Related to the heart and blood vessels.
2. Heart rate: The number of times the heart beats per minute.
3. Arteries: Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
4. Veins: Blood vessels that return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart.
5. Blood pressure: The force of blood against the walls of the arteries.
6. Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries.
7. Cardiologist: A doctor who specializes in heart health.
8. Pacemaker: A device that helps regulate the heart's rhythm.
9. Oxygenated blood: Blood rich in oxygen, usually coming from the lungs.
10. Deoxygenated blood: Blood low in oxygen, returning to the heart.
11. Hypertension: High blood pressure, a risk factor for heart disease.
12. Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged.
13. Cholesterol: A fatty substance that can build up in arteries.
14. Plaque: A buildup of cholesterol in the arteries.
15. Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Excretory (Kidneys):
1. Kidneys: Organs that filter waste products from the blood.
2. Nephrons: Functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood.
3. Filtration: The process of separating waste from the blood.
4. Urea: A waste product filtered from the blood and excreted in urine.
5. Urine: Liquid waste excreted from the body.
6. Bladder: An organ that stores urine before it is excreted.
7. Toxins: Harmful substances that need to be removed from the body.
8. Hydration: Maintaining proper water balance in the body.
9. Urologist: A doctor who specializes in urinary system health.
10. Renal function: The kidney's ability to filter blood and remove waste.
11. Dialysis: A medical procedure that filters blood when the kidneys can't.
12. Glomerulus: A network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney where filtration occurs.
13. Electrolytes: Minerals in the body necessary for various functions, including muscle contractions.
14. Kidney stones: Hard mineral deposits that can form in the kidneys.
15. Nephrology: The medical specialty focused on kidney disorders.
Respiratory (Lungs):
1. Lungs: Organs responsible for breathing and gas exchange.
2. Trachea: The windpipe, which carries air to and from the lungs.
3. Bronchi: Air passages that branch from the trachea into the lungs.
4. Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.
5. Oxygen: A gas essential for the body's energy production.
6. Carbon dioxide: A waste gas expelled from the body when breathing out.
7. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways, often due to infection.
8. Pneumonia: A lung infection that can lead to breathing difficulties.
9. Asthma: A chronic condition causing airway constriction and breathing problems.
10. Lung capacity: The amount of air the lungs can hold.
11. Pulmonologist: A doctor who specializes in respiratory system health.
12. Diaphragm: A muscle that helps control breathing.
13. Respiratory rate: The number of breaths taken per minute.
14. Cilia: Tiny hair-like structures in the airways
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