Q2 - THE BODY ORGANS AND SYSTEMS IN HARMONY

 


THE BODY ORGANS AND SYSTEMS IN HARMONY

Pj Miana

 

System: Musculoskeletal

 

- Healthful Habits: 

  1. Exercise regularly, including strength training.

  2. Eat foods with calcium and vitamin D.

  3. Maintain good posture and ergonomics.

  4. Get enough sleep for muscle recovery.

 

- Important Notes:

  - Musculoskeletal refers to your muscles and bones.

  - Calcium and vitamin D are essential for strong bones.

  - Good posture helps prevent muscle strain.

 

System: Integumentary (Skin)

 

- Healthful Habits:

  1. Clean and moisturize your skin daily.

  2. Use sunscreen to protect from the sun’s harmful rays.

  3. Stay hydrated for healthy skin.

 

- Important Notes:

  - Integumentary means your skin, hair, and nails.

  - Sunscreen shields your skin from sunburn and skin cancer.

 

System: Digestive

 

- Healthful Habits:

  1. Eat a balanced diet with fiber and probiotics.

  2. Chew your food thoroughly for better digestion.

  3. Stay hydrated and avoid overeating.

 

- Important Notes:

  - Digestive system processes the food you eat.

  - Fiber helps with smooth digestion.

 

System: Circulatory (Heart and Blood Vessels)

- Healthful Habits:

  1. Exercise regularly to keep your heart healthy.

  2. Maintain a healthy blood pressure.

  3. Limit saturated fats and sodium in your diet.

 

- Important Notes:

  - Circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.

  - Blood pressure measures the force of blood in your arteries.

 

System: Excretory (Kidneys)

 

- Healthful Habits:

  1. Drink plenty of water to flush out toxins.

  2. Eat a balanced diet with fiber.

  3. Avoid too much alcohol and caffeine.

 

- Important Notes:

  - Excretory system helps remove waste from the body.

  - Kidneys filter your blood to remove waste.

 

System: Respiratory (Lungs)

- Healthful Habits:

  1. Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke.

  2. Practice deep breathing exercises.

  3. Maintain good indoor air quality.

 

- Important Notes:

  - Respiratory system includes the lungs and airways.

  - Smoking harms your lungs and can cause lung cancer.

 

System: Nervous (Brain and Nerves)

- Healthful Habits:

  1. Manage stress through relaxation techniques.

  2. Get enough sleep for a healthy brain.

  3. Stay mentally active with puzzles and games.

- Important Notes:

  - The nervous system controls your thoughts, movements, and feelings.

  - Sleep is crucial for a sharp and alert mind.

 

 

 

 

 

IMPORTANT WORDS TO REMEMBER:

Musculoskeletal:

1. Skeleton: The framework of bones that gives structure and support to the body.

2. Ligaments: Tough bands of tissue that connect bones to one another.

3. Tendons: Cords of tissue that attach muscles to bones.

4. Calcium: A mineral essential for strong bones and muscle function.

5. Vitamin D: A nutrient that helps the body absorb calcium and maintain bone health.

6. Posture: The position in which you hold your body while standing, sitting, or moving.

7. Strength training: Exercises to build and strengthen muscles.

8. Flexibility: The ability of muscles and joints to move through their full range of motion.

9. Muscles: Contractile tissues in the body responsible for movement.

10. Bone density: A measure of the amount of minerals in the bones.

11. Osteoporosis: A condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to low bone density.

12. Orthopedics: A branch of medicine specializing in musculoskeletal problems.

13. Fracture: A broken bone.

14. Cartilage: A flexible connective tissue that cushions joints.

15. Muscle recovery: The process by which muscles repair and grow stronger after exercise.

 

Integumentary (Skin):

1. Dermis: The inner layer of skin containing blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles.

2. Epidermis: The outermost layer of skin responsible for protection.

3. Melanin: A pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes.

4. UV rays: Ultraviolet radiation from the sun that can damage the skin.

5. Sunscreen: A product applied to the skin to protect it from UV rays.

6. Hydration: The process of maintaining adequate water in the body for healthy skin.

7. Sweat glands: Structures that release sweat to regulate body temperature.

8. Acne: A common skin condition characterized by pimples and blemishes.

9. Dermatology: The medical specialty focused on skin disorders.

10. Sunburn: Skin damage caused by overexposure to UV rays.

11. Skin cancer: A disease where cancer cells develop on the skin.

12. Moisturizer: A product used to prevent dryness and maintain skin's moisture.

13. Hair follicles: Small structures in the skin from which hair grows.

14. Nails: Hard coverings at the ends of fingers and toes.

15. Epithelial cells: Cells that make up the outermost layer of skin and serve as a barrier.

 

Digestive:

1. Digestion: The process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable nutrients.

2. Enzymes: Biological molecules that aid in digestion by speeding up chemical reactions.

3. Fiber: A type of carbohydrate that aids in digestion and helps prevent constipation.

4. Probiotics: Beneficial bacteria that promote a healthy balance in the gut.

5. Nutrients: Substances in food that provide nourishment for the body.

6. Esophagus: The muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

7. Stomach: An organ that stores and digests food.

8. Small intestine: The part of the digestive system where nutrient absorption occurs.

9. Large intestine: The final section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed.

10. Pancreas: A gland that produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar.

11. Gallbladder: An organ that stores bile and helps digest fats.

12. Nutrient absorption: The process by which the body absorbs nutrients from food.

13. Metabolism: The body's process of converting food into energy and other substances.

14. Gastroenterologist: A doctor who specializes in digestive system disorders.

15. Food pyramid: A visual guide to a balanced diet, showing recommended food groups.

 

Circulatory (Heart and Blood Vessels):

1. Cardiovascular: Related to the heart and blood vessels.

2. Heart rate: The number of times the heart beats per minute.

3. Arteries: Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

4. Veins: Blood vessels that return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart.

5. Blood pressure: The force of blood against the walls of the arteries.

6. Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries.

7. Cardiologist: A doctor who specializes in heart health.

8. Pacemaker: A device that helps regulate the heart's rhythm.

9. Oxygenated blood: Blood rich in oxygen, usually coming from the lungs.

10. Deoxygenated blood: Blood low in oxygen, returning to the heart.

11. Hypertension: High blood pressure, a risk factor for heart disease.

12. Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged.

13. Cholesterol: A fatty substance that can build up in arteries.

14. Plaque: A buildup of cholesterol in the arteries.

15. Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

 

Excretory (Kidneys):

1. Kidneys: Organs that filter waste products from the blood.

2. Nephrons: Functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood.

3. Filtration: The process of separating waste from the blood.

4. Urea: A waste product filtered from the blood and excreted in urine.

5. Urine: Liquid waste excreted from the body.

6. Bladder: An organ that stores urine before it is excreted.

7. Toxins: Harmful substances that need to be removed from the body.

8. Hydration: Maintaining proper water balance in the body.

9. Urologist: A doctor who specializes in urinary system health.

10. Renal function: The kidney's ability to filter blood and remove waste.

11. Dialysis: A medical procedure that filters blood when the kidneys can't.

12. Glomerulus: A network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney where filtration occurs.

13. Electrolytes: Minerals in the body necessary for various functions, including muscle contractions.

14. Kidney stones: Hard mineral deposits that can form in the kidneys.

15. Nephrology: The medical specialty focused on kidney disorders.

 

Respiratory (Lungs):

1. Lungs: Organs responsible for breathing and gas exchange.

2. Trachea: The windpipe, which carries air to and from the lungs.

3. Bronchi: Air passages that branch from the trachea into the lungs.

4. Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.

5. Oxygen: A gas essential for the body's energy production.

6. Carbon dioxide: A waste gas expelled from the body when breathing out.

7. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways, often due to infection.

8. Pneumonia: A lung infection that can lead to breathing difficulties.

9. Asthma: A chronic condition causing airway constriction and breathing problems.

10. Lung capacity: The amount of air the lungs can hold.

11. Pulmonologist: A doctor who specializes in respiratory system health.

12. Diaphragm: A muscle that helps control breathing.

13. Respiratory rate: The number of breaths taken per minute.

14. Cilia: Tiny hair-like structures in the airways


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