ELEMENTARY SCIENCE FACTS & REVIEWERS

Simple Machines Simple machines are basic mechanical devices that make it easier to do work. They are called "simple" machines because they have few or no moving parts and are relatively easy to understand and use. There are six types of simple machines: lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. These machines are often the building blocks of more complex machines and are used in everyday life to make work easier. Simple machines work by either multiplying force, changing the direction of force, or increasing distance over which force is applied. Lever : A rigid bar that is used to lift or move heavy objects by applying force at one end. Wheel and Axle : A simple machine made up of a circular object (wheel) that rotates around a rod or axle. Pulley : A simple machine made up of a wheel with a groove that a rope or cable can run through. Inclined Plane: A flat surface that is tilted at an angle, used to lift heavy objects by reducing the amount of forc

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION FACTS Here are 20 facts about energy, types of energy, and energy transformation that are typically covered in 6th grade: Energy is the ability to do work. There are two main types of energy: kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy. Energy can be transformed from one form to another. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. Thermal energy is the energy associated with the temperature of an object or substance. Light energy is the energy that enables us to see objects and colors. Sound energy is the energy that is produced by vibrations that travel through air, water, or other substances. Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules and is released during chemical reactions. Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of atoms and is released during nuclear reactions. Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, a

Effect of Force to the Shape of Objects MELC Code S4FEIIIa-1 MELC Code S4FEIIIa-1 covers the topic of the effect of force on the shape of objects. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of forces and how they affect the shape of objects. Types of Forces There are several types of forces that can act on an object, including: Gravity - the force that pulls objects toward each other due to their mass. Friction - the force that opposes the motion of an object. Tension - the force that is transmitted through a rope, cable, or wire when it is pulled tight. Compression - the force that is exerted on an object when it is squeezed or pressed. Shear - the force that is exerted on an object when it is cut or torn. Effect of Forces on the Shape of Objects Different types of forces can have different effects on the shape of an object. For example: Gravity can cause an object to change shape if it is deformed under its own weight. This can be seen in the sagging of a heavy object, su

  TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL INTERACTONS Ecological interactions  refer to the ways in which different species interact with each other within an ecosystem. These interactions can be positive, negative, or neutral, and they play a crucial role in shaping the structure and dynamics of ecosystems. Understanding ecological interactions is essential for understanding the functioning of ecosystems and the impacts of environmental change on biodiversity. Types of Ecological Interactions: Commensalism Predation Parasitism Mutualism Competition Amensalism Neutralism Communalism Facilitation Symbiosis Mutualism : In mutualism, both species benefit from the interaction. For example, certain plants have evolved to provide food and shelter to ants in exchange for protection from herbivores. Competition : Competition occurs when two or more species rely on the same limited resource. This can lead to a struggle for survival, with the stronger or more efficient species gaining access to the resource. Amensa

  NOTES ON VERTABRAE AND NON-VERTEBRAE   General facts about vertebrates:   Vertebrates are animals with a backbone or spinal column. Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Vertebrates are found in almost every habitat on Earth, including land, sea, and freshwater. Vertebrates range in size from tiny fish and frogs to large whales and elephants. The first vertebrates appeared in the oceans over 500 million years ago.   General facts about invertebrates: Invertebrates are animals without a backbone or spinal column. Invertebrates include insects, arachnids, mollusks, crustaceans, and many other groups. Invertebrates make up over 95% of all animal species. Invertebrates are found in almost every habitat on Earth, including land, sea, and freshwater. Invertebrates range in size from microscopic mites and worms to giant squid and jellyfish.   Facts about fish: Fish are aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills. There a

FACTS ABOUT MIXTURE  Here are 100 important terms with definitions on the topic of mixtures: • Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. • Homogeneous mixture: A mixture where the components are evenly distributed and the mixture has a uniform appearance throughout. • Heterogeneous mixture: A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed and the mixture has a non-uniform appearance throughout. • Solution: A type of homogeneous mixture where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent). • Solute: A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. • Solvent: A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution. • Colloid: A type of homogeneous mixture where the components are in small particles that are not visible to the naked eye. • Suspension: A type of heterogeneous mixture where the components are visible and settle over time. • Concentration: The amount of solute present